Siphakeme .Mnindwa
Nokuthaba Brita Ncube, ncubenokuthababrita@gmail.com
A SAFETY, Health, Environmental, and Quality (Sheq) practitioner, Mr Tinotenda Chitamba, has emphasised the importance of Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (Esias) in ensuring sustainable mining practices in Zimbabwe.
An Esia is a process used to evaluate the potential environmental and social impacts of a proposed project before its implementation.
Mr Chitamba said Esias play a critical role in identifying and mitigating risks associated with mining operations.
He pointed to the Marange diamond fields as a case study of where the absence of effective Esias led to extensive land degradation and community displacement.
“In Zimbabwe, the mining sector has faced significant environmental challenges. For instance, the Marange diamond fields witnessed extensive land degradation and community displacement hence, conducting an Esia helps identify such risks early, allowing companies to implement measures that prevent further harm, such as reforestation initiatives and water management plans,” he said.
Mr Chitamba stressed that stakeholder compliance is vital for the success of mining projects.
He commended the Environmental Management Agency (EMA) for mandating Esias for mining operations, citing Hwange Colliery Company as an example of a firm that has worked closely with local communities to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
“This collaboration has led to improved community relations and sustainable practices,” noted Mr Chitamba.
He highlighted the benefits of Esias, including environmental protection, social equity and improved waste management. He cited the Zimplats as an example where effective Esia implementation led to significant reductions in pollution levels.
However, Mr Chitamba acknowledged challenges, particularly for smaller mining companies, which often struggle with the high costs associated with comprehensive Esias.
“Engaging rural communities can also be challenging, as seen in cases near the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park where local voices were initially not adequately heard,” he said.
Mr Chitamba noted that Zimbabwe faces several hurdles, which include a lack of capacity, inadequate data and political influence, among other key issues.
He said regulatory bodies like EMA often lack adequate resources and technical expertise to monitor compliance effectively.
“Many areas, such as the Midlands province, have insufficient baseline environmental data, making it challenging to conduct thorough assessments,” he said.
Mr Chitamba said adhering to Esia guidelines enables mining companies to minimise adverse impacts, foster community engagement and contribute to sustainable development.
“Learning from successful examples and addressing challenges in implementation, stakeholders can work together to create a more sustainable mining industry that benefits both the economy and local communities,” he concluded.
EMA manager responsible for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and ecosystems protection, Mr Fanuel Kudakwashe Mangisi, highlighted efforts to assist small-scale miners who struggle with the affordability of Esias.
“We have developed a generic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in collaboration with the Ministry of Mines and Mining Development. This plan guides small-scale miners, reducing the burden of the EIA process,” he said.
