The Shell fuel tank bombing of 1978 and its lasting legacy

Reign Nheta-Herald Correspondent

This December marks the 46th anniversary of the daring Shell bombing on December 11, 1978—a pivotal moment in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle.

On that fateful night, ZANLA forces executed a meticulously planned attack on the Shell fuel tanks in Southerton, Salisbury (now Harare).

 The resulting inferno illuminated the night sky, visible from as far as 50 kilometres, serving as a fiery testament to the resolve and strategic brilliance of those fighting for independence. This was more than an act of war; it was a bold declaration that the liberation struggle had escalated beyond rural guerrilla warfare and penetrated the urban stronghold of the colonial regime.

The bombing was carried out by eight brave ZANLA operatives: David Mushangwe, known as Lobo, along with Mukumbizi (Nhamo), States America Mudzvanyiriri, Brian, Norest, Poison and Damage Bombs.

They operated under the guidance of high command leaders such as the late Comrade Josiah Tongogara, Cde Mark Dube, and Air Marshall Perence Shiri.

Their journey from Mozambique to Domboshava spanned five arduous months, filled with careful planning for this urban operation.

This act of urban warfare was a turning point.

It sent shockwaves through the Rhodesian government, demonstrating the reach and resolve of the liberation forces. For ordinary Zimbabweans, the bombing brought the reality of the struggle into their neighbourhoods.

For the international community, it underscored the urgency of addressing Zimbabwe’s colonial conflict.

The attack on the Shell tanks was not merely a military strategy; it was a calculated move to disrupt the economic backbone of the Rhodesian government.

Fuel was critical for sustaining the colonial administration’s war machinery. By targeting the fuel reserves, the operatives aimed to cripple the colonial government’s ability to respond effectively to the liberation forces.

The intense fire engulfing the depot rendered it inoperable for months, sending a clear message: the liberation struggle was intensifying.

The operation was a product of meticulous planning and coordination.

 The operatives navigated dangerous terrain and evaded detection by Rhodesian forces.

 Local allies, including a tomato farmer who ferried them into the city and an elderly woman, Mbuya Hwiza, who provided shelter, aided in their reconnaissance and preparations.

The choice of target, near residential areas and a hospital, added complexity to the mission. They took every precaution to avoid civilian casualties, ensuring nearby bus stops were cleared before launching their assault.

The impact of the bombing reached far beyond the immediate destruction of the fuel tanks.

It instilled fear and vulnerability within the Rhodesian regime, which had previously considered urban areas safe zones.

 For the citizens of Salisbury, the attack shattered the illusion of security, demonstrating that the liberation forces could strike at the heart of the colonial system. This forced the government to divert resources from frontline battles to urban defence.

For the people of Mbare and surrounding areas, the bombing elicited both pride and terror. Witnesses described the flames lighting up the night sky and the ground-shaking explosions.

The fire raged for nearly a week, with helicopters brought in from South Africa to combat the blaze.

Soot-laden rain fell over the city, a reminder of the destruction. Families fled their homes in panic, with some seeking refuge as far as Seke. Yet, amidst the chaos, there was a collective recognition that the bombing was a pivotal moment in the struggle for independence.

The significance of the Shell bombing lies not only in its immediate impact but also in its symbolic value.

It was a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of the liberation forces.

The operation demonstrated that victory depended not just on military might but also on strategic thinking and resourcefulness. Even with limited resources, the liberation forces could inflict significant damage on the colonial regime.

The sacrifices made by the operatives and their supporters highlight the cost of freedom.

The men who carried out the bombing risked their lives, knowing that capture or death was a real possibility.

Their journey from Mozambique to Salisbury was fraught with danger, requiring endurance and unwavering determination. Their actions exemplified the spirit of the liberation struggle, a spirit that should inspire future generations to value and protect the freedoms won through such sacrifices.

As Zimbabwe faces contemporary challenges, the lessons of the liberation struggle remain relevant.

The unity and shared purpose that characterised the struggle are essential for addressing the country’s current issues. Whether in governance, economic development, or social cohesion, the spirit of collective effort can guide the nation towards a brighter future.

The meticulous planning and strategic thinking that defined the Shell bombing are equally applicable to solving modern problems.

By approaching challenges with the same level of determination and creativity, Zimbabweans can overcome obstacles and build a prosperous nation.

Preserving the memory of the Shell bombing is crucial for ensuring future generations understand the sacrifices made for their freedom.

This story deserves to be told in schools, museums, and public commemorations.

The flames that lit up the night sky on December 11, 1978, should serve as a reminder of the resilience and courage of those who fought for independence.

By keeping this memory alive, Zimbabweans can draw inspiration from the past and find strength to face the future.

The Shell fuel tank bombing was more than an explosion; it was a symbol of resistance, a cry for justice, and a catalyst for change.

It brought the liberation struggle into the urban sphere and demonstrated the lengths to which Zimbabweans were willing to go for their freedom.

 The operation showcased the power of unity, the importance of strategic planning, and the resilience required to achieve significant goals. Today, as Zimbabwe continues to navigate its path, the lessons of 1978 remain a beacon of hope and a call to action for all who seek to build a better future.