Online Reporter
Donald Mujiri
In the heart of Southern Africa, a fascinating phenomenon has emerged, where the unveiling of tombstones has become an integral part of Zimbabwe’s cultural heritage. This practice, steeped in African tradition and influenced by Christianity, has not only become a source of comfort for the grieving but also a booming business for sculptors and entrepreneurs.
The practice of erecting tombstones dates back to ancient civilisations, with evidence of monumental tombs found in Egypt (circa 2500 BCE), Greece (circa 500 BCE), and Rome (circa 100 BCE).
As the Greek historian, Herodotus (c. 484 BCE – c. 425 BCE), noted: “The Egyptians were the first to use monumental tombs, which they believed would provide a means for the deceased to ascend to the afterlife.” Similarly, the Egyptian historian, Diodorus Siculus (c. 90 BCE – c. 30 BCE), wrote: “The Egyptians erect magnificent tombs for their deceased, which serve as a testament to their wealth and status.”
In Africa, this tradition was adopted and infused with local customs and beliefs. With the advent of Christianity in the 1st century CE, the practice evolved, incorporating elements of Christian ritual and symbolism. As Dr Tabona Shoko, a scholar of African religions, notes: “African traditional practices emphasise the importance of honouring ancestors, who are believed to continue playing an active role in the lives of their descendants.”
Zimbabwe, a country with a rich cultural heritage, has a population of around 15,1 million people, with over 80 percent identifying as Christian.
The country’s cultural landscape is characterised by a mix of African, European, and Asian influences. Christianity was introduced to Zimbabwe in the 16th century by Portuguese missionaries.
However, it was not until the arrival of European missionaries in the late 19th century that Christianity began to gain widespread acceptance. The first Christian missionaries to arrive in Zimbabwe were the London Missionary Society (LMS) in 1859. Robert Moffat (1795-1883), a Scottish missionary who worked in Southern Africa in the 19th century, encouraged the practice of erecting tombstones: “The natives have a great reverence for the dead, and the erection of a tombstone is considered a mark of respect and affection.”
The modern trend of tombstone unveiling ceremonies in Zimbabwe is believed to have originated in the 1960s, influenced by Christian missionaries and African traditional practices. The ceremony typically involves the unveiling of a tombstone, accompanied by prayers, songs, and eulogies.
Today, the tombstone sculpture industry is booming in Zimbabwe, particularly in every setting and rural town status in provinces. Skilled sculptors and entrepreneurs are capitalising on the demand for elaborate tombstones, which can sell for upwards of $2,500.
For many Zimbabweans, the unveiling of a tombstone is a way of honouring their ancestors, some of whom may have been buried in abandoned stone graves. As one Zimbabwean noted: “We want to honour our ancestors and ensure that they are not forgotten.”
The Biblical account of Rachel’s Tomb, as recorded in Genesis 35:19-20, serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of honouring and remembering our ancestors. Jacob’s construction of a pillar over Rachel’s tomb is a manifestation of his love and devotion to her, and the significance of remembering and honouring those who have come before us. In contrast, the unmarked grave of Absalom, as recorded in 2 Samuel 18:17-18, serves as a reminder of the consequences of rebellion and pride.
The fact that Absalom’s grave was not marked or honoured highlights the importance of remembering and honouring our ancestors, lest we forget the lessons of the past. The unveiling of tombstones, as seen in the practice of Zimbabweans, serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of honouring and remembering our ancestors. By erecting tombstones and holding unveiling ceremonies, individuals and communities are able to show respect and gratitude for the lives of their loved ones, while also acknowledging the significance of their legacy.
As the Bible teaches, honouring one’s ancestors is a way of showing respect and gratitude for the lives they lived and the legacy they left behind (Exodus 20:12, Ephesians 6:2-3).
The practice of unveiling tombstones serves as a physical manifestation of this honour and respect, ensuring that the memories of our ancestors are kept alive for generations to come.
